What is meant by "condensation" in HVAC systems?

Condensation in HVAC systems refers to the process in which water vapor in the air transforms into liquid water as the temperature decreases. This occurs when air is cooled to a point where it can no longer hold all of its moisture, resulting in the excess moisture condensing into liquid water.

In practical terms, this phenomenon is crucial for HVAC systems as it plays a significant role in humidity control and comfort within indoor environments. When warm, humid air comes in contact with a cooler surface, such as the evaporator coil of an air conditioning unit, the air temperature drops, and the moisture within the air condenses. This is why condensate drains are an essential part of HVAC systems to manage the water produced during this process, ensuring it does not lead to water damage or mold growth.

The other options speak to related concepts in HVAC systems, but they do not accurately describe what is meant by condensation. For example, while cooling air below its dew point is involved in the process that leads to condensation, it does not provide a complete definition. Water accumulating due to a blockage or the formation of ice on coils pertain to different issues and are not direct definitions of condensation.